AI与声学数据双引擎全程驱动城市噪声治理的"四步闭环"： 噪声感知与检测 → 评估与分析 → 模拟预测 → 干预与治理
发布时间：
2026-02-28 11:33
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环境噪声已成为继空气污染之后影响人类健康的第二大环境风险因素。欧洲环境署（EEA）2025年报告显示，欧洲超过30%的人口暴露在超标交通噪声中，每年导致约66,000例过早死亡[1]。AI与声学数据技术的深度融合，正推动噪声治理从被动应对向主动管控转型。本文围绕"四步闭环"框架，梳理最新研究进展与技术方案。
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1 噪声感知与检测：构建高分辨率城市声场数据底座
精准治理始于可靠的声场感知。Ajdari等（2025）利用自主地面机器人搭载校准传感器，实现行人高度动态噪声监测，机器学习模型成功分离车辆自身噪声与环境声信号，精度达R²=0.94、RMSE仅1.3 dBA[2]。Othman等（2024）则通过众包应用实现市民参与式噪声地图绘制，将噪声水平与声源类型关联[3]。
此外，基于TinyML的边缘智能分类器已实现0.92~1.00的精确率和召回率[4]，可识别特定噪声源类别，推动感知从"被动记录"走向"主动识别"。
2 评估与分析：多维度解析噪声影响机理
Song等（2025）运用可解释时空图卷积网络（ST-GCN）对香港城市噪声感知建模，发现10分钟短期暴露是环境噪声检测的临界阈值，15分钟构成烦恼感知阈值；研究揭示空气质量与声压级的协同放大效应[5]。
SoundViewer噪声诊断与分析系统采用三维麦克风阵列技术，可同时定位多个声源的方位角和纵向距离，量化声学物理量在结构表面的分布，为评估环节提供从声源识别到空间声场的全维度分析能力。
3 模拟预测：数据驱动的声环境前瞻推演
Ranpise与Tandel（2022）综述67篇交通噪声研究发现，29.85%聚焦预测模型构建[7]。最新研究表明，随机森林模型在移动测量噪声预测中可实现R²=0.96的精度[8]，XGBoost算法在突尼斯苏塞市道路噪声预测中达到R²=0.952、MAE仅0.18 dB[9]。
SoundPLAN噪声预测评估工具历经三十五年持续发展，凭借GIS集成建模能力支持道路、轨道、工业等多源噪声传播计算与情景分析，最新9.1版本进一步强化噪声级建模与扩散预测功能[10]，为从方案模拟到效果预评估提供专业平台。
4 干预与治理：从被动降噪到主动调控
闭环的最后一步是精准干预。研究显示，56.71%的相关文献聚焦噪声缓解策略，涵盖绿色植被屏障、土地利用规划、低噪声路面材料及立面遮蔽等路径[7]。Ji等指出，深度强化学习驱动的交通管控系统正提升调控效率，间接降低交通噪声排放[12]。
当AI将四个环节贯通串联，噪声治理便从离散响应演化为动态闭环系统：感知层以SonoCat获取现场数据，评估层借助SoundViewer进行声场诊断，预测层通过SoundPLAN实现情景推演，治理层依据全链条数据制定干预方案——四步闭环互为反馈、持续迭代，为城市声环境精准治理提供系统化技术路径。
参考文献
- European Environment Agency. Environmental Noise in Europe 2025. EEA, 2025. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/environmental-noise-in-europe-2025; WHO. Burden of disease from environmental noise. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2011.
- Ajdari, B., Salimi, N., Strambini, L., & Cepolina, E. M. Noise pollution monitoring at pedestrian level by autonomous vehicles in urban areas. Science of the Total Environment, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.015852
- Othman, E., Cibilić, I., Poslončec-Petrić, V., & Saadallah, D. Investigating Noise Mapping in Cities to Associate Noise Levels with Sources of Noise Using Crowdsourcing Applications. Urban Science, 2024, 8(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8010013
- Intelligent Classification of Urban Noise Sources Using TinyML: Towards Efficient Noise Management in Smart Cities. Sensors, 2025, 25(20), 6361. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25206361
- Song, L., Kwan, M.-P., & Liu, Y. Examining the complex and cumulative effects of environmental exposures on noise perception through interpretable spatio-temporal graph convolutional networks. Environment International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.004829
- O'Reilly, D., White, M., Langenheim, N., & Alambeigi, P. Heard but not seen: a narrative review of traffic noise impacts and the amenity cost awarded to pedestrians. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 2026, 35, 101799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2025.004786
- Ranpise, R. B., & Tandel, B. N. Urban road traffic noise monitoring, mapping, modelling, and mitigation: A thematic review. Noise Mapping, 2022, 9, 48–66. https://doi.org/10.1515/noise-2022-0004
- Predicting fine spatial scale traffic noise using mobile measurements and machine learning. Environmental Research, 2025. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11842164/
- Urban noise pollution prediction using traffic patterns and AI models in Sahloul Road, Sousse City, Tunisia. Applied Acoustics, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.006905
- SoundPLAN GmbH. SoundPLANnoise Version 9.1. https://www.soundplan.eu/en/software/soundplannoise
- Zárate-Espinosa, R., Ramírez-Reivich, A. C., Ortega, M., & López-Parra, M. Acoustic performance prediction by means of a statistical energy analysis of two adjacent workrooms. Glass Structures & Engineering, 2024, 9, 685–712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40940-024-00282-z
- Ji, Q., Wen, X., Jin, J., Zhu, Y., & Lv, Y. Urban Traffic Control Meets Decision Recommendation System: A Survey and Perspective. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.
- Gök Tokgöz, Ö., Engel, M. S., Othmani, C., & Altinsoy, M. E. Virtual Reality Application in Evaluating the Soundscape in Urban Environment: A Systematic Review. Acoustics, 2025, 7(4), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/acoustics7040068
噪声感知与检测,噪声治理,噪声评估与分析,噪声模拟预测,噪声干预与治理